• Hemodynamic effects:

• Hematological effects:

• Tissue oxygen tension:

Decrease venous stasis.

Increase flow velocity in deep veins.

Positive contraction of calf pump.

Reduce leg edema.

Increase fibrinolytic activity.

Increase tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).

Increase transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2).

Increase arterial skin perfusion.